PORTUGAL

Country Profile Following its heyday as a world power during the 15th and 16th centuries, Portugal lost much of its wealth and status with the destruction of Lisbon in a 1755 earthquake, occupation during the Napoleonic Wars, and the independence in 1822 of Brazil as a colony. A 1910 revolution deposed the monarchy; for most of the next six decades, repressive governments ran the country. In 1974, a left-wing military coup installed broad democratic reforms. The following year, Portugal granted independence to all of its African colonies. Portugal is a founding member of NATO and entered the EC (now the EU) in 1986. Disputes Portugal does not recognize Spanish sovereignty over the territory of Olivenza based on a difference of interpretation of the 1815 Congress of Vienna and the 1801 Treaty of Badajoz Location Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain Coordinates 39° 30' N 8° 0' W Capital Lisbon Main Cities Coimbra, Oporto, Setubal Area 92391 km2 Boundaries (km) 1,214 - Spain 1,214 Coastline (km) 1,793 Timezone (GMT) 0 Population 10,676,910 (July 2008 est.) Public Holidays Portugal Day, 10 June (1580) Currency euro (EUR) GDP $230.5 billion (2007 est.) Main Exports agricultural products, food products, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, skins and leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, minerals and mineral products, base metals, machinery and tools, vehicles and other transport material, and optical and precision Climate maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south Natural Hazards Azores subject to severe earthquakes Physical Features Mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south Environmental Agreements party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Environmental Modification

Flag Country Map(s)

Population and Demographics

Portugal has a population of 10,676,910 (July 2008 est.) .

Capital	Lisbon
Main urban areas	Coimbra, Oporto, Setubal
Ethnic groups	homogeneous Mediterranean stock; citizens of black African descent who immigrated to mainland during decolonization number less than 100,000; since 1990 East Europeans have entered Portugal
Languages spoken	Portuguese (official), Mirandese (official - but locally used)

Population age 0-14: 16.4% (m 912,995/f 835,715) 15-64: 66.2% (m 3,514,905/f 3,555,097) 65+: 17.4% (m 764,443/f 1,093,755) (2008 est.)
	0-14	15-64	65+
Gender ratios At birth: 1.07 m/f , 0-14: 1.09 m/f , 15-64: 0.99 m/f , 65+: 0.7 m/f Total population: 0.95 m/f (2008 est.)

Changing Population (Life expectancy, births, deaths and fertility)

The population growth rate for Portugal is 0.305% (2008 est.) (world growth rate at 2006 is 1.14%). The country also saw migration of 3.31 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.). The median age of the country is total: 39.1 years male: 37 years female: 41.3 years (2008 est.).

Note: on the graphs, world figures are represented by a red bar, figures for Portugal are illustrated with a green bar.

Life Expectancy:	Total population: 78.04 years Male: 74.78 years Female: 81.53 years (2008 est.)	[78.04] [64.77] [ Male:, m] [63.16, m] [, f] [66.47, f]
Fertility:	1.49 children born/woman (2008 est.)	[1.49] [2.59]
Births:	10.45 births/1,000 population (2008 est.)	[10.45] [20.05]
Deaths:	10.62 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)	[10.62] [8.67]
Infants:	Total: 4.85 deaths/1,000 live births Male: 5.31 deaths/1,000 live births Female: 4.36 deaths/1,000 live births (2008 est.)	[4.85] [48.87] [5.31, m] [50.98, m] [4.36, f] [46.65, f]

Economic Data

Economy Overview

Portugal has become a diversified and increasingly service-based economy since joining the European Community in 1986. Over the past two decades, successive governments have privatized many state-controlled firms and liberalized key areas of the economy, including the financial and telecommunications sectors. The country qualified for the European Monetary Union (EMU) in 1998 and began circulating the euro on 1 January 2002 along with 11 other EU member economies. Economic growth had been above the EU average for much of the 1990s, but fell back in 2001-07. GDP per capita stands at roughly two-thirds of the EU-27 average.

A poor educational system, in particular, has been an obstacle to greater productivity and growth. Portugal has been increasingly overshadowed by lower-cost producers in Central Europe and Asia as a target for foreign direct investment. The budget deficit surged to an all-time high of 6% of GDP in 2005, but the government reduced the deficit to 2.6% in 2007 - a year ahead of Portugal’s targeted schedule. Nonetheless, the government faces tough choices in its attempts to boost Portugal’s economic competitiveness while keeping the budget deficit within the eurozone’s 3%-of-GDP ceiling.

Debt and Aid
Debt: $389.5 billion (31 December 2007)
Aid Given: ODA, $396 million (2006)
Aid Received: $NA

Labour Force
Number in labour force: 5.62 million (2007 est.)
Sectors: agriculture: 10% industry: 30% services: 60% (2007 est.)
Unemployment: 7.7% (2007 est.)

GDP Facts and Figures
Currency: euro (EUR)
GDP: $230.5 billion (2007 est.)
GDP Per Capita: $21,700 (2007 est.)
GDP Real Growth: 1.9% (2007 est.)
GDP Composition: agriculture: 8.1% industry: 25.4% services: 66.5% (2007 est.)
Production Growth Rate: 2.5% (2007 est.)

Industries, Land Use and Resource Consumption
Industries: textiles, clothing, footwear, wood and cork, paper, chemicals, auto-parts manufacturing, base metals, diary products, wine and other foods, porcelain and ceramics, glassware, technology, telecommunications; ship construction and refurbishment; tourism
Land use: arable land: 17.29% permanent crops: 7.84% other: 74.87% (2005)
Exports: agricultural products, food products, oil products, chemical products, plastics and rubber, skins and leather, wood and cork, wood pulp and paper, textile materials, clothing, footwear, minerals and mineral products, base metals, machinery and tools, vehicles and other transport material, and optical and precision
Electricity Consumption: 48.55 billion kWh (2006)
Natural Gas Consumption: 3.86 billion cu m (2006)
Oil Consumption: 305,800 bbl/day (2006 est.)

Country Outline Map

Geographic Data
Portugal is located in Southwestern Europe, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Spain, in the timezone GMT 0. The country has boundaries of 1,214 - Spain 1,214 (km), and a coastline of 1,793 (km). Major urban areas: Lisbon, Coimbra, Oporto, Setubal.

Elevations
Lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Highest point: Ponta do Pico (Pico or Pico Alto) on Ilha do Pico in the Azores 2,351 m

Physical Features
Mountainous north of the Tagus River, rolling plains in south

Hazards
Azores subject to severe earthquakes

Climate
Maritime temperate; cool and rainy in north, warmer and drier in south

Natural Resources
Fish, forests (cork), iron ore, copper, zinc, tin, tungsten, silver, gold, uranium, marble, clay, gypsum, salt, arable land, hydropower

Land Use
Arable land: 17.29% permanent crops: 7.84% other: 74.87% (2005)

Renewable Water Resources
73.6 cu km (2005)

Fresh Water Withdrawal
total: 11.09 cu km/yr (10%/12%/78%) per capita: 1,056 cu m/yr (1998)

Environmental Issues
Soil erosion; air pollution caused by industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution, especially in coastal areas

Detailed country map

Transport and Communications

A selection of key transport and communications information for Portugal

Number of main telephone lines
4.231 million (2006)

Mobile (cellular) phones
12.226 million (2006)

Radio stations
AM 47, FM 172 (many are repeaters), shortwave 2 (1998)

Television stations
62 (plus 166 repeaters; includes Azores and Madeira Islands) (1995)

Internet users
3.213 million (2006)

Country internet code
.pt

Railways
total: 2,850 km broad gauge: 2,576 km 1.668-m gauge (623 km electrified) narrow gauge: 274 km 1.000-m gauge (2005)

Highways
total: 72,600 km paved: 62,436 km (including 1,700 km of expressways) unpaved: 10,164 km (2002)

Waterways
210 km (on Douro River from Porto) (2003)

Pipelines
gas 1,099 km; oil 8 km; refined products 174 km (2004)

Ports and harbours
Leixoes, Lisbon, Setubal, Sines

Airports
66 (2007)

Heliports
NA